Manual of Clinical Microbiology

Section I: Diagnostic Strategies and General Topics
- Introduction to the 13th Edition of the Manual of Clinical Microbiology
  Authors: Karen C. Carroll and Michael A. Pfaller
- Laboratory Accreditation and Compliance
  Authors: Michael Loeffelholz, Linoj Samuel ,and Susan E. Sharp
- Microscopy
  Author: Steven D Dallas
- Laboratory Detection of Bacteremia and Fungemia*
  Authors: Amanda Harrington, Sophonie Jean ,and Evann E Hilt
- Systems for Identification of Bacteria and Fungi*
  Authors: Phillip R Heaton and Micah M Bhatti
- Laboratory Automation in Clinical Microbiology
  Authors: Erin McElvania, Christopher D Doern ,and Karissa Culbreath
- Molecular Techniques
  Authors: Bijal A Parikh, Andrew E O Hughes ,and Neil W Anderson
- Immunoassays for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
  Author: Elitza S. Theel
- Prevention of Health Care-Associated Infections
  Authors: Kaede V Sullivan, Michael A Pfaller ,and Daniel J Diekema
- Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
  Authors: Rebecca Marrero Rolon and Wendy A Szymczak
- Molecular Epidemiology
  Authors:Duncan MacCannell, Terry Fei Fan NG, Nancy Chow, Jaume Jorba, Andrew Beck ,and Heather Carleton
- Procedures for the Storage of Microorganisms
  Authors: Rosemary C She and Susan M Butler‐Wu
- Prevention of Laboratory-Acquired Infections
  Authors: Philippe Lagacé‐Wiens and Michael Pentella
- Disinfection and Sterilization
  Authors: Matthew J Arduino and Gerald McDonnell
- Biothreat Agents
  Authors: Steven D Mahlen and James W Snyder
- The Human Microbiome
  Authors: Meghana V Rao, Julia A Messina ,and Neeraj K Surana
- Microbial Genomics and Pathogen Discovery
  Authors: Jennifer K. Spinler and James Versalovic

Section II: Bacteriology
- Taxonomy of Bacteria and Archaea
  Author: Paul A. Lawson
- Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing: Bacteriology*
  Authors: Erin McElvania and Kamaljit Singh
- Approaches to the Identification of Aerobic Gram‐Positive Cocci
  Authors: Xiaohui Chen Nielsen and Jens Jørgen Christensen
- Approaches to the Identification of Aerobic Gram‐Positive Cocci
  Authors: Xiaohui Chen Nielsen and Jens Jørgen Christensen
- Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Other Catalase‐Positive Cocci
  Authors: Karsten Becker, Michael Z. David ,and Robert L. Skov
- Streptococcus*
  Authors: Heather Adam, Gregory Tyrrell ,and Irene Martin
- Enterococcus
  Authors: Lúcia Martins Teixeira, Maria Glória Siqueira Carvalho, Richard R. Facklam ,and Patricia Lynn Shewmaker
- Aerococcus, Abiotrophia, and Other Aerobic Catalase‐Negative, Gram‐Positive Cocci
  Authors: Xiaohui Chen Nielsen and Jens Jørgen Christensen
- General Approaches to the Identification of Aerobic Gram‐Positive Rods
  Author: Kathryn A Bernard
- Bacillus and Other Aerobic Endospore‐Forming Bacteria*
  Authors: Christine Y Turenne and David C Alexander
- Listeria and Erysipelothrix
  Authors: Kenneth P Smith and Rebecca M Harris
- Coryneform Gram‐Positive Rods*
  Authors: Ana Luíza Mattos‐Guaraldi, Louisy Sanches Dos Santos ,and Verônica Viana Vieira
- Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Actinomadura, Streptomyces, and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes
  Authors: Barbara A Brown‐Elliott, Adrian M Zelazny ,and Patricia S Conville
- Mycobacterium: General Characteristics, Laboratory Processing, Staining, Isolation, and Detection Procedures
  Authors: Isabella Martin, Gaby E Pfyffer ,and Nicole Parrish
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
  Authors: Marie‐Claire Rowlinson, Kimberlee A Musser ,and Reeti Khare
- Mycobacterium: Laboratory Characteristics of Slowly Growing Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  Authors: Adam J Caulfield, Elvira Richter, Barbara A Brown‐Elliott ,and Nancy L Wengenack
- Mycobacterium: Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
  Authors: Barbara A Brown‐Elliott, Susan M Harrington, Kozo Morimoto ,and Richard J Wallace
- Approaches to the Identification of Aerobic Gram‐Negative Bacteria
  Authors: Niels Nørskov‐Lauritsen and Maria Chuvochina
- Neisseria
  Authors: Thiên‐Trí Lâm, Ulrich Vogel ,and Heike Claus
- Aggregatibacter, Capnocytophaga, Eikenella, Kingella, Pasteurella, and Other Fastidious or Rarely Encountered Gram-Negative Rods*
  Author: Reinhard Zbinden
- Haemophilus
  Authors: Mark D Gonzalez and Nathan A Ledeboer
- Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella
  Authors: Blake W. Buchan, Matthew L. Faron, Romney M. Humphries, John Dekker ,and Nathan A. Ledeboer
- Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Selected Other Enterobacteriaceae
  Authors: Sanchita Das, Virginia M Pierce ,and Karen M Frank
- Yersiniaceae*
  Authors: Luke C Kingry, Lori Gladney ,and Jeannine M Petersen
- Aeromonas*
  Author: Brigitte Lamy
- Vibrio and Related Organisms
  Authors: William A Glover II, Yann F Boucher, Christine C Lee ,and Cheryl L Tarr
- Pseudomonas
  Authors: Niels Høiby, Thomas Bjarnsholt ,and Oana Ciofu
- Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, and Acidovorax
  Authors: John J LiPuma, Bart J Currie, Robert W Baird ,and Peter AR Vandamme
- Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Moraxella, Branhamella and Other Nonfermentative Gram‐Negative Rods*
  Authors: Piet Cools, Alexandr Nemec, Anne-Marie Van Den Abeele ,and Peter Kämpfer
- Bordetella and Related Genera
  Authors: Paul E Kilgore and Tom Coenye
- Francisella*
  Authors: Elizabeth A Dietrich and Jeannine M Petersen
- Brucella
  Author: George F Araj
- Bartonella
  Authors: Michael Giladi, Ricardo Gutiérrez ,and Shimon Harrus
- Legionella*
  Authors: Diane S J Lindsay and Maria Luisa Ricci
- Approaches to the Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria*
  Authors: Lyudmila Boyanova and José Augusto Da Silva Boyanova
- Peptostreptococcus, Finegoldia, Anaerococcus, Peptoniphilus, Parvimonas, Murdochiella, Veillonella, and Other Anaerobic Cocci*
  Authors: Alida C M Veloo and Crystal N Johnson
- Anaerobic Non‐Spore‐Forming Gram‐Positive Rods
  Authors: Susan M Butler‐Wu and Rosemary C She
- Clostridium, Clostridioides, and Other Clostridia*
  Authors: Ed J Kuijper, Frans A G Reubsaet ,and Frédéric Barbut
- Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Other Anaerobic Gram‐Negative Rods
  Authors: Georg Conrads, Elisabeth Nagy ,and Eija Könönen
- Algorithms for Identification of Curved and Spiral‐Shaped Gram‐Negative Rods
  Author: Irving Nachamkin
- Campylobacter and Arcobacter
  Author: Irving Nachamkin
- Helicobacter
  Author: Marc Roger Couturier
- Leptospira
  Authors: Renee L Galloway and Christopher A Gulvik
- Borrelia*
  Authors: Maria E Aguero‐Rosenfeld and Eva Ružić Sabljić
- Treponema and Brachyspira
  Authors: Arlene C Seña, Allan Pillay ,and Justin D Radolf
- General Approaches to Identification of Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
  Authors: Cécile Bébéar and J. Stephen Dumler
- Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
  Authors: Ken B Waites and Cécile Bébéar
- Chlamydia
  Authors: Gilbert Greub and Erik Munson
- Rickettsia and Orientia
  Authors: Lucas S Blanton, David H Walker ,and Donald H Bouyer
- Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Related Intracellular Bacteria
  Authors: Elitza S Theel and Bobbi S Pritt
- Coxiella*
  Authors: Gilbert J Kersh and Chantal P Bleeker‐Rovers
- Tropheryma whipplei
  Authors: Walter Geiβdörfer, Annette Moter ,and Christian Bogdan

Section III: Antibacterial Agents and Susceptibility Test Methods
- Antibacterial Agents*
  Authors: James S Lewis and Karen Bush
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Antibacterial Agents
  Authors: Patricia A Bradford and Mariana Castanheira
- Susceptibility Test Methods: General Considerations
  Authors: John D. Turnidge, James H. Jorgensen ,and Barbara Zimmer
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Methods: Dilution and Disk Diffusion Methods*
  Authors: Laura M Koeth and Linda A Miller
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Systems
  Authors: James A Karlowsky, Sandra S Richter ,and Jean B Patel
- Special Phenotypic Methods for Detecting Antibacterial Resistance*
  Authors: Patricia J. Simner and Romney Humphries
- Susceptibility Test Methods: Fastidious Bacteria
  Authors: Romney M Humphries and Jennifer Dien Bard
- Susceptibility Test Methods: Anaerobic Bacteria
  Authors: Audrey N Schuetz and Darcie E Carpenter
- Susceptibility Test Methods: Mycobacteria, Nocardia, and Other Actinomycetes*
  Authors: Barbara A Brown‐Elliott, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Kimberlee Musser ,and Marie‐Claire Rowlinson
- Molecular Detection of Antibacterial Drug Resistance
  Authors: Priyanka Uprety and Thomas J Kirn

Section IV: Virology
- Taxonomy and Classification of Viruses
  Author: Steven J. Drews
- Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing: Virology
  Authors: James J Dunn and Benjamin A Pinsky
- Reagents, Stains, Media, and Cell Cultures: Virology
  Author: Matthew J Binnicker
- Algorithms for Detection and Identification of Viruses
  Authors: Marie Louise Landry, N Esther Babady, Matthew J Binnicker, Benjamin A Pinsky ,and Yi‐Wei Tang
- Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
  Authors: Jeffrey Johnson, Silvina Masciotra ,and S Michele Owen
- Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Viruses
  Authors: William M Switzer, Walid Heneine ,and S Michele Owen
- Influenza Viruses
  Author: Robert L Atmar
- Parainfluenza and Mumps Viruses
  Author: Ryan F Relich
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus
  Authors: Gregory J. Berry and N. Esther Babady
- Measles and Rubella Viruses*
  Authors: Stephen N Crooke, Melissa M Coughlin ,and Ludmila M Perelygina
- Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses
  Authors: Kathleen A Stellrecht, Daryl M Lamson ,and José R Romero
- Rhinoviruses
  Authors:Marie Louise Landry and Xiaoyan Lu
- Coronaviruses
  Authors: Heba H Mostafa and Benjamin A Pinsky
- Hepatitis A and E Viruses
  Authors: Jacques Izopet and Nassim Kamar
- Hepatitis C Virus
  Author: Patricia Slev
- Gastroenteritis Viruses*
  Authors: Musa Hindiyeh, Shubhagata Das ,and Sherry Dunbar
- Rabies Lyssavirus
  Authors: Lillian A Orciari, Pamela A Yager ,and P S Satheshkumar
- Arboviruses
  Authors: Elizabeth A Hunsperger, Holly R Hughes, Jana M Ritter ,and Aaron C Brault
- Hantaviruses
  Authors: John D Klena, Cheng‐Feng Chiang, Shannon M Whitmer, Yun F Wang ,and Wun‐Ju Shieh
- Arenaviruses and Filoviruses
  Authors: Vanessa N Raabe, Alison Gilchrist ,and Colleen Kraft
- Herpes Simplex Viruses and Herpes B Virus
  Authors: Alexander L Greninger, Rhoda Ashley Morrow ,and Keith R Jerome
- Varicella‐Zoster Virus
  Authors:Alexander L Greninger and David M Koelle
- Human Cytomegalovirus
  Author: Richard L Hodinka
- Epstein‐Barr Virus*
  Author: Barbara C. Gärtner
- Human Herpesvirus 6A, 6B, and 7
  Authors:Alexander L Greninger, Ruth Hall Sedlak ,and Keith R Jerome
- Human Herpesvirus 8
  Authors: Sheila C Dollard and Clifford J Gunthel
- Adenoviruses
  Authors: Albert Heim and Adriana E Kajon
- Human Papillomaviruses
  Authors: Kate Cuschieri and Elizabeth R Unger
- Human Polyomaviruses
  Authors: Karoline Leuzinger and Hans H Hirsch
- Parvovirus B19V, Bocaviruses, and Other Human Parvoviruses
  Author: Maria Söderlund‐Venermo
- Poxviruses
  Authors: P S Satheshkumar, Victoria A Olson ,and Inger K Damon
- Hepatitis B and D Viruses*
  Authors: Eleanor A Powell and Yi‐Wei Tang
- Prion Diseases
  Authors:Brian S. Appleby and Jiri G. Safar

Section V: Antiviral Agents and Susceptibility Test Methods
- Antiviral Agents
  Authors: Carlos A Q Santos and Manuela Jannet Reyna Quito
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Antiviral Agents
  Authors: Robert W Shafer, Guy Boivin, Anita Y M Howe ,and Sunwen Chou
- Susceptibility Test Methods: Viruses
  Author: Benjamin A Pinsky

Section VI: Mycology
- Taxonomy, Classification, and Nomenclature of Fungi
  Authors: Connie F. Cañete‐Gibas and Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing: Mycology
  Authors: Elizabeth L Berkow and D Joseph Sexton
- Reagents, Stains, and Media: Mycology
  Author: Mark D Lindsley
- General Approaches for Direct and Indirect Detection and Identification of Fungi*
  Authors: Madiha Fida, Nancy L Wengenack ,and Elitza S Theel
- Candida, Cryptococcus, and Other Yeasts of Medical Importance
  Authors: Andrew M Borman and Elizabeth M Johnson
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
  Authors: Melanie T Cushion, A George Smulian ,and Margaret V. Powers‐Fletcher
- Aspergillus, Talaromyces, and Penicillium
  Authors: Sharon C.‐A. Chen, Wieland Meyer, Tania C. Sorrell ,and Catriona L. Halliday
- Fusarium and Other Opportunistic Hyaline Fungi
  Authors: Sean X Zhang, Kerry O'Donnell, Nathan P Wiederhold ,and Connie F Cañete‐Gibas
- Agents of Systemic and Subcutaneous Mucormycosis and Entomophthoromycosis
  Authors: Dea Garcia‐Hermoso, Alexandre Alanio, Fanny Lanternier ,and Olivier Lortholary
- Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides and Other Dimorphic Fungi Causing Systemic Mycoses
  Authors: George R Thompson and Beatriz L Gomez
- The Dermatophytes and Their Relatives (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Arthroderma, Nannizzia, Paraphyton, and Lophophyton) and Other Agents of Superficial Mycoses
  Authors: Andrew M Borman and Richard C Summerbell
- Curvularia, Exophiala, Scedosporium, Sporothrix, and Other Melanized Fungi
  Authors: Josep Guarro, Hugo Madrid ,and Sybren de Hoog
- Fungi Causing Eumycotic Mycetoma
  Author: Wendy W J Sande
- Mycotoxins*
  Authors: Dianiris Luciano Rosario and Nancy P Keller
- Lagenidium, Paralagenidium, Pythium, Rhinosporidium, and Uncultivated Paracoccidioides Species (Formerly Lacazia loboi)
  Authors: Raquel Vilela and Leonel Mendoza
- Microsporidia
  Author: Louis M Weiss

Section VII: Antifungal Agents and Susceptibility Test Methods
- Antifungal Agents
  Authors: Shawn R Lockhart and Elizabeth L Berkow
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Antifungal Agents
  Author: David S Perlin
- Susceptibility Test Methods: Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi
  Authors: Elizabeth M Johnson and Maiken Cavling Arendrup

Section VIII: Parasitology
- Taxonomy and Classification of Human Eukaryotic Parasites
  Authors: Sina M Adl and Blaine A Mathison
- Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing: Parasitology
  Authors: Robyn Y. Shimizu and Lynne S. Garcia
- Reagents, Stains, and Media: Parasitology
  Authors: Idzi Potters and Andrea J Linscott
- General Approaches for Detection and Identification of Parasites
  Authors:Lynne S. Garcia, Graeme P. Paltridge ,and Robyn Y. Shimizu
- Plasmodium and Babesia
  Author: Bobbi S Pritt
- Leishmania and Trypanosoma
  Authors: Alexandre J Da Silva and Momar Ndao
- Toxoplasma
  Author: Florence Robert‐Gangneux
- Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-Living Amebae
  Authors: Jennifer R Cope, Karim M Ali ,and Govinda S Visvesvara
- Intestinal and Urogenital Amebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates*
  Authors:Blaine A Mathison and Marc Roger Couturier
- Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, and Sarcocystis*
  Authors: Yvonne Qvarnstrom and Michael J Arrowood
- Cryptosporidium
  Authors: Lihua Xiao and Yaoyu Feng
- Nematodes
  Authors: Harsha Sheorey, Beverley‐Ann Biggs ,and Richard Stewart Bradbury
- Filarial Nematodes
  Authors: Adrienne J. Showler and Thomas B. Nutman
- Cestodes
  Authors: Miguel M Cabada, Juan Jimenez ,and Hector H Garcia
- Trematodes
  Authors: Malcolm K. Jones, Catherine Gordon ,and Donald P. McManus
- Less Common Helminths
  Author: Gary W Procop
- Arthropods of Medical Importance
  Author:Blaine A. Mathison

Section IX: Antiparasitic Agents and Susceptibility Test Methods
- Antiparasitic Agents
  Authors: Karin Leder and Sarah L McGuinness
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Antiparasitic Agents
  Authors: Richard S Bradbury and Eldin Talundzic
- Susceptibility Test Methods: Parasites
  Authors: Jérôme Clain, Sandrine Cojean ,and Sandrine Houzé
- Escherichia and Shigella
  Authors: Romney M. Humphries, Matthew L. Faron, John P. Dekker, Nathan A. Ledeboer ,and Blake W. Buchan
- Salmonella
  Authors: John P Dekker, Matthew L Faron, Romney M Humphries, Blake W Buchan ,and Nathan A Ledeboer

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Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 13th Edition

General

Gram-Positive Cocci

Gram-Positive Rods

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Anaerobic Bacteria

Curved and Spiral-Shaped Gram-Negative Rods

Mycoplasmas and Obligate Intracellular Bacteria