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127
The Dermatophytes and Their Relatives (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Arthroderma, Nannizzia, Paraphyton, and Lophophyton) and Other Agents of Superficial Mycoses
Authors:Last Updated:2023
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Taxonomy
For many years, the etiologic agents of dermatophytosis have been classified, along with some nonpathogenic relatives, in three genera: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton, in the family Arthrodermataceae of the order…
1Epidemiology and Transmission
Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that are capable of invading the keratinous tissues of living animals. They are grouped into three categories based on host preference and natural habitat…
2Clinical Significance
The dermatophytoses (tinea or ringworm) generally manifest as infections of the keratinized tissues (hair, nails, skin, etc.) of humans, other mammals, and birds. Cutaneous infections resembling dermatophytoses may occasionally be…
2Collection, Transport, and Storage of Specimens
In areas where tinea capitis caused by M. canis is common, patients may be examined with a Wood's lamp (filtered UV light with a wavelength of 365 nm) in a…
13Laboratory Testing of Specimens
Direct microscopic examination of skin, hair, and nails is the most rapid method of determining fungal etiology and is traditionally accomplished by examining the clinical material in 10% potassium hydroxide…
13Identification
At present, the great majority of dermatophytes are identified phenotypically. Identification is often based on (i) colony characteristics in pure culture on SGA and (ii) microscopic morphology…
16Description of Etiologic Agents
Characteristic features of dermatophyte species are presented in Table 1. The table also includes data on some similar but rarely or never pathogenic Microsporum and Trichophyton…
18Strain Typing Systems
Dermatophyte strains within anthropophilic species tend to be very closely related, hindering the development of useful techniques for epidemiological analysis, but strains of T. rubrum were eventually distinguished by polymorphisms…
22Antimicrobial Susceptibilities
Dermatophytes can in principle be tested for susceptibility to antifungal drugs using the standard CLSI M38‐A3 standard for moulds (116). A trial has shown that this type of…
22Evaluation, Interpretation, and Reporting of Laboratory Results
For nonimmunocompromised patients, positive direct microscopy compatible with dermatophytosis is conventionally interpreted as presumptively indicating this condition in hair and in specimens other than those from nails, soles, and palms…
23Superficial Mycoses
In the superficial mycoses, the causative fungi colonize the cornified layers of the epidermis or the suprafollicular portion of the hair. There is little tissue damage, and cellular response from…
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Section Editor: Sean Zhang
Volume Editor: Bobbi S. Pritt
Editors in Chief: Karen C. Carroll and Michael A. Pfaller
Citation Information
Copyright © 2023 by ASM Press. ASM Press is a registered trademark of the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in whole or in part or reutilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.